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21 ꓦ ꓜꓴ ꓘꓳꓼ ꓐꓱ ꓶ ꓢꓳ ꓓꓴ (21) ꓚꓱꓹ

By TheLisuTimes

July 01, 2021

(Yuval Noah Harrari ꓡꓰ ꓐꓳ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓡꓲ-ꓢꓴ ꓥꓳꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓡꓶꓸ ꓐꓳ ꓡꓳ=)

ꓢꓳ ꓓꓴ (1)ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓐꓶ

ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓲ ꓢꓰ

ꓞꓳ ꓤ ꓠꓬ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓓꓴ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰ꓾ ꓵꓺ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓓꓴ ꓠ ꓐꓼ ꓝꓳꓹ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓢꓪꓹ ꓢꓪꓼ ꓕꓯ ꓢꓲ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓡꓳ ꓚ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓽ ꓡꓳ= ꓚ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓓꓴꓸ ꓓꓴꓸ ꓤꓼ ꓮ ꓘꓶꓸ ꓢ ꓠꓬ ꓟꓬꓽ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓙꓲ ꓡꓳ= ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ꓾ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓜꓴ꓾ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓡꓳ= ꓗꓳꓸ ꓗꓷ ꓟ 20 ꓦ ꓜꓴ ꓘꓳꓼ ꓠꓯꓸꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓴ-ꓬꓴ-ꓬꓳꓼ꓾ ꓡ-ꓓꓮꓠ ꓐꓰ ꓐ-ꓡꓲꓠ ꓡꓳ ꓒꓱꓽ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓜꓽ ꓢ ꓔꓬ ꓢ ꓐꓳ ꓬꓲꓼ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓗꓳꓸ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓤꓶ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓡ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓒꓶꓻ ꓟꓸ ꓖꓶ ꓐ ꓡ ꓟ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ (3) ꓚꓱꓹ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓓꓳ ꓩꓴ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓖꓳ (3) ꓚꓱꓹ ꓠꓬ ꓒꓯꓼ-ꓢꓲꓼ꓾ ꓗꓳ-ꓟꓴ-ꓠꓲꓼ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓥ ꓡꓳ= ꓟꓵꓽ ꓗꓳꓹ ꓓꓵ ꓓꓵ ꓢꓯꓼ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓘꓶꓽ 2 ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓔꓴ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓒꓯꓼ-ꓢꓲꓼ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓠꓬ ꓗꓸ ꓠꓯꓸ ꓢꓲꓽ ꓞꓰ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓲ꓾ 1940 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ 1980 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓗꓳ-ꓟꓴ-ꓠꓲꓼ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓠꓬꓲꓽ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓧꓶꓽ ꓜꓴ ꓠꓴ ꓟꓯꓼ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓗꓷꓳ= ꓟꓶ ꓤ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓗꓳ-ꓟꓴ-ꓠꓲꓼ ꓠꓬ ꓞꓳꓸ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓟˍ ꓡꓰ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓡ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓐꓱ ꓶ ꓦ ꓡꓱ ꓐꓳ ꓓꓴ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓖꓴ ꓟꓳꓸ ꓖꓶ ꓓꓴ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡꓻꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓐꓳ ꓬꓲꓼ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓡꓰ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓔꓸ ꓡꓳ=

ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓡꓲꓹ ꓗꓷ ꓟꓶ ꓟ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓒꓵꓽ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓙꓲ ꓖꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓘꓶꓸ ꓓꓳꓹ ꓟꓴ ꓡꓳ= ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓡꓳ ꓚ ꓐꓯ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓤꓲ ꓟ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓢꓴ ꓡꓯ ꓒꓯꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓔꓴ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓟꓶꓽ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓗꓳꓸ ꓡ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙ ꓖꓴ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓙ ꓖꓴ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓶ ꓙꓲꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓟꓽ ꓟꓶ꓾ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓓ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓙꓰ ꓚꓳ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓲ꓾ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓲ꓾ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓬꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓲ ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓤꓲ ꓟꓶ ꓔꓸ ꓡꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓪ ꓟꓶ ꓙꓲꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓶꓽ ꓐꓱ ꓶ ꓢꓯꓼ ꓟꓬ ꓑ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓒꓳꓹ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓗꓷ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓕꓲ ꓝꓸ ꓕꓲ ꓝꓸ ꓟꓶ ꓙꓲꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓶꓽ ꓟꓶ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓥꓶꓸ ꓟ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓰ-ꓟꓳ-ꓗꓯ-ꓢꓰ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓲ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓬꓲꓸ ꓓ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓟꓴ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓐꓱ ꓕꓴꓽ ꓗꓽ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓪꓸ ꓡꓰ ꓡꓳ= ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓕꓲ ꓛꓱꓸ ꓡꓱꓸꓼ ꓟ ꓦ ꓡꓱ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓧꓳꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓡꓲ ꓒꓰꓼ ꓡꓲꓽ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓬ ꓢꓶꓽ ꓟꓲꓸ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓟꓽ ꓖꓼ ꓙꓰ ꓙꓰ꓾ ꓚꓲ ꓛꓬ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓢꓪꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓔꓴ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓡꓳ ꓒꓱ ꓚꓬꓹ꓾ ꓡꓳ ꓒꓱ ꓗꓽ ꓓꓴ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓬ ꓐꓱ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓛꓴꓽ ꓐꓱ ꓕꓴꓽ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓽ ꓐꓲꓽ ꓛꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓙꓰ ꓙꓰ ꓡꓽ ꓡꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓔꓬ ꓖꓴ ꓟ ꓓꓽ ꓖꓴꓽ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓐꓬꓱ ꓦꓲ ꓠꓽ ꓔꓶꓸ ꓙꓳ ꓡ ꓡꓳ=

ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓗꓪ꓾ ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓫꓳꓽ ꓠꓬ ꓟꓽ ꓔꓸ ꓢꓰ= ꓔꓳꓹ ꓜꓳ ꓘꓳꓻ ꓙꓰ ꓠ ꓗꓹ ꓟ ꓘꓶ ꓡꓶꓽ ꓓꓴ ꓧꓶꓽ ꓡꓶꓽ ꓐꓯ ꓡꓯ ꓙꓳ ꓢꓰ ꓡꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓔꓸ ꓡꓳ= ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡꓴꓸ ꓡꓴꓸ ꓕꓯ ꓢꓲ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓮ ꓟꓬꓹ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓜꓲꓽ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓥꓳꓹ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓢꓴ ꓮ ꓟꓬꓹ ꓔꓬ ꓢꓰꓽ ꓡꓳ= ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓐꓴ ꓗꓪ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓫꓸ ꓓꓰꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓟ꓾ ꓜꓲ ꓜꓲ ꓑꓰꓹ ꓑꓰꓹ ꓬꓰ ꓡ ꓟ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓤꓲ ꓟ ꓔꓳ ꓜꓳ ꓔꓬ ꓢꓰꓽ ꓡꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓕꓱ ꓡꓱꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓘꓶ ꓡꓶꓽ ꓓꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓪꓸ ꓡꓰ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓠꓬ ꓙꓳ ꓖꓴꓳ= ꓣꓳ ꓬꓰ ꓙꓰ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓡꓲꓹ ꓗꓷ ꓩꓴ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓮ ꓟꓬꓹ ꓖꓶ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓥ ꓡꓳ= ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓟꓶ ꓙꓲꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓖꓶ꓾ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓡꓶꓽ ꓟꓯꓹ ꓛꓬꓽ ꓗꓶ ꓝꓲ꓾ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓫꓵꓼ ꓧꓪ ꓓꓳ ꓡ꓾ ꓶ ꓤ ꓶ ꓟꓲ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓓꓳ ꓡ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓝꓮꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓲ ꓗꓸ ꓘꓳꓽ ꓗꓸ ꓫꓵ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓬꓰ ꓝꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡꓳ= ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓟꓽ ꓫꓱꓸ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ ꓮ ꓔꓲꓸ ꓤꓼ ꓙꓳ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓴꓢꓮ ꓪ ꓔꓲꓸ ꓙꓳꓼ-ꓓ-ꓐꓴ-ꓡꓴ-ꓐꓴ-ꓫꓵ (George W. Bush) ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓐ-ꓣꓼ-ꓳ-ꓐ-ꓟ (Barak Obama) ꓐꓴ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓢꓲꓺ ꓠꓯ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓡꓲ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓡꓳ ꓚ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓪꓴ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓙꓰ ꓠꓬ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡꓱꓸꓼ ꓠꓬ ꓐꓳ ꓢ ꓡ꓾ ꓢꓲ ꓡꓲꓹ ꓟ ꓙꓳ ꓡ ꓥꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓐꓯ ꓡꓳ=

ꓬꓲ ꓙꓬ ꓙꓲꓽ ꓡꓰ ꓙꓲꓽ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓕꓱ ꓕꓲ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓖꓼ ꓡ ꓟ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓐꓳ ꓢ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓢꓲ ꓡꓲꓹ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓞ ꓪ ꓓꓴ ꓥꓳ ꓐꓯ ꓡꓳ= ꓕꓱ ꓕꓲ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓫꓸ ꓙꓵ ꓟꓷꓼ ꓙꓵ ꓟ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓜꓳ ꓪ ꓥꓳ= ꓬꓲꓸ ꓪ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓫꓬ ꓡ ꓕꓲ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓔꓯ ꓒꓴ ꓗꓷ ꓠ ꓗꓷ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓔꓲꓸ ꓖꓼ ꓡ ꓓꓴ ꓥꓳ= ꓬꓲꓸ ꓙꓵꓹ ꓪꓽ ꓐꓶ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓕꓲ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓡꓳ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓗꓳ-ꓣꓲ-ꓬ꓾ ꓲ-ꓣꓼ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓰꓡ-ꓢ-ꓐ-ꓓꓳꓹ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓓꓯ-ꓟꓼ꓾ ꓲ-ꓳ-ꓪ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓓꓴ ꓥꓳ=

1990 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ 2000 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓖ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓖꓼ ꓙꓲ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓠꓬ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓒꓴ ꓟ ꓠꓯ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ (ꓫꓵꓽ ꓒꓽ ꓙꓱꓽ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ) ꓗ ꓡꓳ= ꓐꓶ-ꓬ-ꓜꓰꓸ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓔꓴ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓲ-ꓓꓲ-ꓬ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓘꓰꓹ ꓖꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓕꓯꓼ ꓡ ꓟ ꓐꓳ ꓢ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓖꓼ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓐꓱ ꓶ ꓠꓯ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓓꓳ ꓠ ꓗꓷ ꓡꓰꓳ= ꓠꓯ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓽ ꓓꓳ ꓢꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓮ ꓠꓱ ꓟ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓢꓪꓼ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓤꓲ ꓡꓳ= 1997 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓕꓯ ꓴꓢꓮ ꓪ ꓔꓲꓸ ꓐꓲ-ꓗ-ꓡꓲ-ꓔ ꓡꓰ꓾ ꓧꓶꓽ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ “ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓽ ꓜꓳ ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓒꓳꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓦꓰꓼ ꓔꓬ ꓢꓴ” ꓐꓰ ꓒꓴ ꓒꓴ ꓡꓯꓽ ꓡꓯꓽ ꓓꓰ ꓖꓴ ꓧꓪ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓕꓱ ꓡꓳ=

ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ 2008 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓞꓰ ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓠꓻ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓜꓳ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓗꓪ ꓟ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓠꓬ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓐꓶ ꓐꓰ ꓧꓪꓸ ꓛꓲꓽ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓚꓬꓹ ꓕꓴꓽ ꓟ꓾ ꓐꓱ ꓕꓴꓽ ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓧꓪꓸ ꓬꓰ ꓔꓯꓺ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓬꓯꓽ ꓐꓯꓽ ꓚꓲꓸ ꓚꓳ ꓟ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓗꓽ ꓔꓸ ꓓꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓶ ꓡꓯ ꓬꓰ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓙ ꓟꓳ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓢꓴ ꓙꓳ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓓꓰ-ꓟꓳ-ꓗꓯ-ꓢꓰ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓜꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ꓾ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓓꓳ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓗꓪꓽ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓡ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓪ ꓔꓯ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓤꓲ ꓟ ꓬꓰ ꓔꓴ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓔꓴ-ꓣ-ꓗꓲ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓣ-ꓫꓸ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓓꓰ-ꓟꓳ-ꓗꓯ-ꓢꓰ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓟ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓒꓴ ꓒꓴ ꓡꓯꓽ ꓡꓯꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓟꓳꓸ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓠꓬ ꓧꓶꓽ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓗꓳ-ꓟꓴ-ꓠꓲꓼ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓜꓴ ꓔꓯ “ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓽ ꓜꓳ ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓛꓱꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓦꓰꓼ ꓢꓴ” ꓐꓰ ꓮ ꓟ ꓐꓯ ꓑꓶꓸ ꓡ?

ꓰꓴ (European Union) ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓐꓶ-ꓬꓲ-ꓔꓲ (Britain) ꓐꓴ ꓓꓳ ꓙꓰ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓟꓯꓹ ꓗꓶ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓴꓢꓮ ꓗꓪ ꓓꓳ-ꓠꓯ-ꓕ-ꓣꓮꓟꓼ ꓪ ꓔꓲꓸ ꓓꓯꓺ ꓡ ꓟ 2016 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓟꓶꓽ ꓓꓶꓽ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓥ ꓟ ꓰꓴ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓮ-ꓟꓯ-ꓣꓲ-ꓗ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓯꓸꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓟ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓛꓲ ꓡ ꓟ ꓒꓴ ꓒꓴ ꓡꓯꓽ ꓡꓯꓽ ꓟꓳ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓟꓶ ꓤ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓢꓰꓽ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓗꓪ ꓮ-ꓟꓯ-ꓣ-ꓗ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓰꓴ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓡ ꓛꓴꓸ ꓟꓳꓸ ꓜꓲꓽ ꓔꓸ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓲ-ꓣꓼ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐꓲ-ꓬ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓽ ꓓ ꓟꓽ ꓢ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓬꓰ ꓝꓲ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓮ ꓟꓶ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓪ ꓧꓪꓽ ꓒꓴ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓐꓴ (ꓗ-ꓔꓯꓼ-ꓗꓲ꓾ ꓬꓳꓼ-ꓗꓶ-ꓫꓸ-ꓬ) ꓖꓶ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓠꓬ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓟꓽ ꓓ꓾ (ꓥ ꓠꓬ) ꓮ ꓘꓶꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓫꓵ ꓓꓴ ꓠꓽ ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓐꓰ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓡ ꓡꓳ=

ꓕꓲ ꓐꓱ ꓠꓬ ꓧꓶꓸ ꓕꓯ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓞꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓒꓯꓽ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓞꓳ ꓙꓳ ꓙꓶ ꓒꓯꓽ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓤ ꓑꓸ ꓤ ꓟꓶꓼ ꓒꓯꓽ ꓢꓲ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓟꓶ ꓟ ꓶꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓡꓳ ꓩꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓬꓯꓼ= ꓕꓲ ꓐꓱ ꓠꓬ (ꓜꓳꓽ ꓟꓽ ꓜꓳ ꓠꓬ ꓕꓽ ꓐꓯ ꓢꓲꓽ) ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡꓴꓸ ꓡꓴꓸ ꓟ ꓞꓳ ꓘꓹ ꓕꓲ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓮ ꓟꓬꓹ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓤꓲ ꓟꓶ ꓢꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓖꓴ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓕꓲ ꓩꓴꓸ ꓤꓼ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓳ ꓬꓲꓼ ꓢꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓔꓬ ꓡꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓡꓳꓸ ꓟꓳ ꓡꓳ=1938 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓓꓽ ꓟ (3) ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓢꓲꓻ ꓣꓴ ꓐ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= 1968 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓓꓽ ꓟ (2) ꓚꓱꓹ ꓡꓰꓽ ꓜꓰ ꓡꓰꓳ= 1998 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓓꓽ ꓟ (1) ꓚꓱꓹ ꓡꓰ ꓙꓳ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓲ꓾ 2018 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓲ ꓡ ꓕꓯ ꓢꓲꓻ ꓣꓴ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓡꓲꓸ ꓟꓽ ꓜꓰ ꓡꓰꓳ= ꓕꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓔꓯ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓬꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓥ꓾ ꓧꓶ ꓛꓰꓹ ꓧꓶ ꓟꓽ ꓟꓳ ꓗꓷ ꓡꓰ ꓖꓴꓳ= ꓚꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓟˍ ꓡꓰ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓮ ꓘꓶꓸ ꓜꓳ ꓡꓳ= ꓮ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓖꓶ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓖ ꓙꓳ ꓙꓳ ꓔꓬ ꓢ ꓢꓲ ꓡꓲꓹ ꓬꓰꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓟ ꓡꓲꓸ ꓟꓽ ꓜꓰ ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓙꓳꓺ ꓧꓰꓸ ꓓꓴ꓾ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓟ ꓔꓶꓹ ꓫꓸ ꓓꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡꓻꓳ= ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓐꓰ ꓕꓱ ꓡꓱ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓗꓷ ꓟ ꓙ ꓖꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓟꓽ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓬꓰꓳ= ꓮ ꓡꓲꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓗꓪ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓚꓵ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓒꓶꓻ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥ ꓢꓶ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓵ ꓙ ꓮ’ ꓡꓰꓳ= ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓔꓸ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓚ ꓗꓸ ꓟꓽ ꓘꓳ ꓡꓰ ꓕꓯ꓾ (ꓢꓲ ꓡꓲꓹ ꓐꓰ ꓙꓳ ꓢ ꓔꓬ ꓢ ꓟ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓟꓽ ꓓ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ)꓾ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓧꓶꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓙꓰ ꓡ ꓓꓴ ꓬꓰꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓵ ꓙ ꓛꓲ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓬꓲꓸ ꓔꓱꓹ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓡꓳ ꓚ ꓘꓳ ꓣꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓗꓴꓸ꓾ ꓡꓳꓸ ꓟꓽ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓟꓽ ꓜꓳꓽ ꓪ꓾ ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓐꓬ ꓡꓰ ꓡ ꓓꓴ ꓬꓰ ꓔꓬꓳ꓾ ꓐꓰ ꓙ ꓫꓸ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓪꓴꓸ ꓓꓵ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓰꓹ ꓢꓲꓽ ꓡꓲꓽ ꓡ ꓕꓲ ꓖꓼ ꓠꓰ ꓥꓪ ꓳꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓟ ꓗꓲ-ꓢ ꓠꓻ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓜꓳꓻ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓶ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓢꓴ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓡꓰ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓙꓵꓻ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓐ-ꓬꓲ-ꓔꓲꓠ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓠꓬ ꓰꓴ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓳ ꓙꓰ ꓡ ꓕꓯ꓾ ꓴꓢꓮ ꓗꓪ ꓓꓳ-ꓠꓯ-ꓕ-ꓣꓮꓟꓼ ꓪ ꓔꓲꓸ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓕꓯ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓡꓳꓹ ꓬꓰ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓠꓶꓽ ꓡꓻꓳ ( ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓐꓬ ꓡꓰ ꓡ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓛꓲꓳ) ꓐꓰ ꓢꓪꓼ ꓓꓳ ꓡ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓮ ꓘꓶꓸ ꓙꓳꓺ ꓛꓱꓽ ꓔꓬ ꓡꓳ=

ꓦꓯꓽ ꓕꓳꓹ ꓐꓲꓸ ꓐꓲꓸ ꓔꓯ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓟ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓐꓲꓸ ꓐꓲꓸ ꓔꓯ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓟ

ꓙꓼ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓬꓲ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓕꓶꓹꓼ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓟꓴ ꓡ ꓟ ꓑꓶꓸ ꓓꓴ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡꓳꓹ ꓬꓰ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓛꓲ ꓡꓻꓳ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓬꓽ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓢꓯꓼ ꓖꓶ꓾ ꓟꓬꓽ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓙꓽ ꓫꓸ ꓡꓰ ꓝꓲ ꓡꓳ= ꓬꓲ ꓞ ꓙꓼ ꓢꓯꓼ꓾ ꓬꓯꓼ-ꓠ ꓚꓸ ꓦꓲ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓔꓦ ꓐꓴ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓠꓹ ꓟ꓾ ꓙꓼ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓡꓲ-ꓐ-ꓬꓯ ꓚ ꓟꓲꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓟꓴ ꓡ ꓝꓲ ꓗꓷꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓝꓸ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓟꓴ ꓡ ꓟ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓬꓲ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓰ ꓫꓸ ꓡꓰꓳ=

ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓟꓯꓹ ꓒꓬꓽ ꓗꓶ ꓢꓴ ꓑ ꓫꓬꓼ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓙꓼ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓬꓲ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓟꓴ ꓡ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓓꓴ ꓕꓽ ꓐꓯꓼ꓾ ꓖꓼ ꓢꓳ ꓓꓴ ꓟ ꓡꓲꓸ ꓬꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓐ ꓡꓻꓳ= ꓠꓱꓸ ꓐꓯꓼ ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓕꓯ ꓢꓲ꓾ 1990 ꓘꓳꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓔꓴ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓔꓯ ꓡꓶꓸ ꓑ ꓙꓰ ꓝꓲ ꓟ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓲ-ꓔ-ꓠꓯꓼ (Internet) ꓥꓳ ꓐꓯ ꓠ ꓗ ꓡꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓙꓼ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓝꓸ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓒꓳꓹ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓟ ꓤꓶ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓳꓽ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓟꓴ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓕꓯ ꓢꓲ ꓙꓼ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓢꓴ (Engineers) ꓐꓴ ꓥ ꓡꓳ= ꓙꓼ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓝꓸ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓠꓬ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓠꓯ ꓡ ꓐꓯ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓯꓹ ꓒꓬꓽ ꓗꓶ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓪꓻꓰ? ꓓꓰ-ꓟꓳ-ꓗꓯ-ꓢꓰ ꓤꓶ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓗꓪ ꓚꓹ ꓟꓼ ꓠ ꓠ ꓗꓷ ꓡꓰ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓲ ꓒꓳꓹ ꓡꓶꓸ ꓙꓰ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓔꓳꓹ ꓜꓳ ꓔꓬꓳ= ꓮ ꓟꓶ ꓓꓳ ꓡ ꓐꓰ ꓗꓹ ꓟ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓚꓬꓼ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓐ-ꓡꓳꓼ-ꓛꓰꓸ (blockchain) ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓠꓬ ꓟꓽ ꓢ ꓬꓰꓳ=

ꓠꓬꓲꓸ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓒꓴ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓙꓼ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓡꓰ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓢꓪꓼ ꓡ ꓠꓬꓲ꓾ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓙ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓫꓸ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓕꓯ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓝꓲ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥꓳ ꓪ? ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓜꓴ ꓕꓲ ꓟ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓬꓯꓼ ꓟ ꓒꓴ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓧꓪ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓳꓸ ꓙꓼ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓡꓰ ꓢꓪꓼ ꓖꓶ ꓡ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓦ ꓡꓱ ꓐꓳ ꓢꓲꓸ ꓡꓳꓸ ꓔꓬ ꓠ ꓗꓷ ꓡꓰꓳ= ꓝꓮꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓝꓮꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓔ ꓛꓲ ꓘꓴ ꓘꓴ ꓠꓯ ꓠꓯ ꓒꓴ ꓖꓶ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ꓾ ꓣꓴ ꓡꓯ ꓘꓳ ꓟ ꓚꓱꓹ (cryptocurrency) ꓥ ꓟ blockchain, bitcoin ꓑꓶꓸ ꓓꓴ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓖꓳꓻ ꓫꓺ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓚꓰ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓕꓲ ꓧꓪꓸ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓠ ꓗꓷ ꓡ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓡꓳ= ꓔꓯ ꓥꓳꓽ꓾ ꓴꓢꓮ ꓓꓳ-ꓡ ꓒꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓖꓳꓻ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓲ ꓟ꓾ ꓖꓳꓻ ꓓꓴ ꓬꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓠ ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓗꓴ ꓡꓳ= ꓮ ꓡꓲꓳ ꓐꓯ ꓠꓬ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓕꓲ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓟ ꓒꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓲ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓟꓽ ꓛꓲ ꓟ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓓꓳ ꓡ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓑꓶꓸ ꓓꓴ ꓥ ꓡꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓕꓯ ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓜꓴ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓖꓳꓻ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓫꓵꓼ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓠ ꓗꓷ ꓡ ꓥꓳ= (ꓔꓯ ꓥꓳꓽ꓾ ꓓꓳꓽ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓖꓳꓻ ꓟ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓓ ꓡꓳ= ꓮ ꓡꓲꓳ ꓐꓯ ꓠꓬ ꓶ ꓡꓯꓼ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓓꓳꓽ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰ ꓠꓬ ꓒꓵꓽˍ ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓥ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓢꓴ ꓖꓳ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓫꓵ ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓓ ꓡꓳ=) ꓗꓴꓷꓼ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓕꓱ ꓡꓱꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓒꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓔꓯ ꓗꓪꓽ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓕꓵꓼ ꓡꓵꓸ ꓙ ꓖꓶꓽ ꓔꓸ ꓡ? ꓙꓵꓽ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥꓳ ꓪ?

ꓖꓳ ꓟ ꓕꓯ ꓢꓲ ꓬꓳꓹ ꓚꓲ ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓠꓬ꓾ ꓓꓳꓽ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓬꓲ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓟꓴ ꓡ ꓟ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓮ ꓟꓬꓹ ꓢꓳ ꓟꓶ ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓣꓳ ꓚꓲ ꓛꓬ ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓡꓶꓸ ꓑ ꓙꓰ ꓐ ꓡ ꓗꓪ ꓛꓲ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓪꓴꓽ ꓟꓴ ꓡ ꓟ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓥ ꓡꓳ= ꓧꓶꓸ ꓕꓯ ꓠꓬ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓽ ꓚꓲ ꓛꓬ ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓖꓳ ꓐꓽ ꓗꓪ ꓙꓳ ꓟ ꓟꓴ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓯ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓗꓪꓼ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓢꓯꓼ ꓕꓵꓼ ꓡꓳ= ꓚꓲ ꓛꓬ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓟꓽ ꓐ ꓡ= ꓣꓳ ꓠꓬ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓬ ꓐꓱ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓫꓬꓹ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓬ ꓡꓳ ꓗꓸ ꓬꓲꓻ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓽ ꓡꓰ ꓝꓲ ꓐ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓟꓲ ꓣꓳ ꓧꓪꓽ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓟꓳꓽ ꓫꓵꓸ ꓜꓳ ꓡ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓗꓽ ꓔꓸ ꓟꓽ ꓐ ꓡ= ꓬꓲ ꓐꓱ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓫꓬꓹ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓔꓯ ꓫꓬꓹ ꓜꓯ ꓟꓽ ꓐ ꓡ= ꓣꓳ ꓬꓲꓼ ꓔꓸ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓗꓪ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓓꓵ ꓗꓪ ꓦꓯꓽ ꓕꓳꓹ ꓐꓲꓸ ꓐꓲꓸ ꓟꓶ ꓡ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓢꓰꓼ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓐꓲꓸ ꓐꓲꓸ (ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓠꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓠ ꓬꓲꓼ ꓟꓶ ꓟꓽ ꓕꓳꓹ ꓗꓷ ꓡ ꓟ) ꓔꓯ ꓠꓽ ꓡꓰ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓬꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓢꓴ ꓮ ꓟꓬꓹ ꓙꓳ ꓡꓳ=

ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓫꓵ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓚꓲꓸ ꓛꓬ ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱ ꓔꓯ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓐ ꓡ꓾ ꓢꓯꓼ ꓟꓬ ꓔꓯ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥꓳ= ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓔꓯ ꓟꓲ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓐ ꓡ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓤꓶ ꓫꓵ ꓟꓬ ꓫꓵꓺ ꓡ ꓝꓲ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥꓳ= ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓫꓵ ꓪ ꓡꓰ ꓟꓶꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓝꓲ꓾ ꓙꓳ ꓡ ꓝꓲ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥꓳ= ꓕꓱ ꓡꓱ ꓖꓳ ꓑꓳꓸ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓟ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓜꓲ ꓜꓲ ꓟꓴ ꓟꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓢꓷꓸꓳ= ꓢꓷꓸ ꓟꓽ ꓐ ꓡꓻꓳ= ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓚꓰꓼ ꓙꓰ ꓮ ꓟꓬꓹ ꓬꓰ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓙꓳ ꓙꓳ꓾ ꓬꓲꓸ ꓡꓲ ꓙꓳ ꓙꓳ ꓣꓱꓽ ꓟꓽ ꓗꓴꓸ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓧꓶꓸ ꓕꓯ ꓟ ꓤꓶ ꓗꓪ ꓐꓰ ꓢꓳ ꓟꓶ ꓓ ꓡꓳ= ꓬꓲꓽ ꓟ ꓕꓲ ꓓꓴꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓗꓽ ꓞꓲꓽ ꓩꓴ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓬꓲ ꓐꓱ ꓓꓽ ꓟ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓝꓲ ꓕꓯ꓾ ꓢꓯꓸ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓐꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓘꓶ ꓡꓶꓽ ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓢꓪꓼ ꓟꓽ ꓗꓴꓸ= ꓣꓳ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓫꓵ ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓡꓶꓸ ꓑ ꓗꓷ ꓐ ꓡ ꓠꓬ ꓣꓳ ꓚꓲ ꓛꓬ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓣꓳ ꓕꓲ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓕꓲ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓐꓱ ꓶ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓟ ꓟꓽ ꓢꓷꓸ=

ꓗꓳꓸ ꓡꓳꓹ ꓡ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓗꓪ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓠꓬ ꓚꓲ ꓛꓬ ꓔꓬ ꓟ ꓟꓵꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓫꓵ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓬꓰ ꓐ ꓡ ꓟ ꓢꓯꓼ ꓪ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓙꓳ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓟꓲ ꓢꓯꓸ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓙꓳ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓘꓶ ꓡꓶꓽ ꓡꓰ ꓟ ꓟꓽ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓙꓲ ꓣꓴ ꓓꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓡꓳ= ꓡ ꓠꓹ ꓟ ꓦ ꓜꓴ ꓘꓳꓼ ꓠꓯꓸꓼ ꓗꓪ ꓠꓬ ꓙꓼ ꓪꓴꓸ ꓠꓷꓸ ꓬꓲ ꓫꓵꓽ ꓬꓲ ꓙꓰ ꓐꓰ꓾ ꓧꓪ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓢꓷꓸ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓔꓺ ꓫꓳꓹ ꓗꓷ ꓢꓲ꓾ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓐꓴ ꓚꓲ ꓛꓬ ꓖꓳ ꓓꓱꓽ ꓐꓰ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓔꓯ ꓮ ꓡꓲ ꓠꓲꓹ ꓫꓵ ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓝꓲ ꓐ ꓡ ꓟ ꓦꓬꓼ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓛꓲ ꓡ ꓥꓳ= ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓥ ꓟꓲ꓾ ꓡ ꓞꓳ ꓓꓵꓽ ꓙ ꓚꓱꓹ ꓠꓯꓸ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓙ ꓜꓲꓼ ꓟꓽ ꓐ ꓡ ꓠꓬꓲ꓾ ꓮ ꓙꓵꓽ ꓐꓱ ꓶ ꓙꓲ ꓣꓴ ꓓꓴ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡ ꓐ ꓡ ꓥꓳ=